Poland remains a very socially-conservative country, with the Catholic Church a big player in shaping public opinion.

Religious conservatism is a powerful force in maintaining support for the ruling Law and Justice party.

Poland’s 1997 constitution states that a marriage is between a man and a woman.

Civil partnerships between same-sex couples are not legally recognised.

LGBTQ Pride parades in Poland are routinely attacked by far-right activists.

Despite international outrage – and threats from the EU of withdrawal of funding – around 100 municipalities have declared themselves “LGBTQ-free zones”. This equates to about one-third of Poland – an area about the size of Hungary.